In a groundbreaking development, an exciting “Business

Halacha” curriculum is being promoted to bring the vitality and

necessity of practical business halacha to baalei batim bogrei

Yeshiva across America. While often mistakenly viewed as halachos

relevant only in the context of dinei Torah, these halachos are in

truth indispensable to the Torah businessman on a daily basis no less

than the halachos of Shechitah are always to a professional shochet.

Since acquiring a complete mastery of all three volumes

of Choshen Mishpat is a daunting task, the Business Kollel

curriculum selects and highlights those halachos most pertinent to the

average businessman, so that he gains a respectable knowledge of

practical business halachah by the end of the two year program.

As the program is essentially based upon open-book Shulchan

Aruch, the limud should be learned, in a pair with a Chavrusa, or

solo, under the guidence of the Rav/Rosh kollel who serves as

the maggid shiur or sho’el umeishiv. For baalebatim seeking a

daily s hiur instead of the chavrusa system, maggidei shiur will work

to prepare shiurim that cover the most pertinent basic halachos as

well.

Please avail yourself to our comprehensive audio's covering

the entire limud as well to be listened to at your convenience along

with more reading material and helpful information found at

HTTP://businesskollel.com, augmenting the mastery of the current

limud being learned by each participant.

1

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

THE FUNDAMENTALS OF BAL TOLIN

There are six Torah commandments that apply to the

obligation of paying a worker’s wages on time, five

prohibitory

commandments

and

one

obligatory

commandment. Three of these commandments apply to

delaying the payment of the worker, and the other three

apply to an employer who is refusing to pay them at all.

When an employer is planning to pay his worker and just

doesn’t end up paying him on time (during the ona

(halachic time period) of when the work was completed)

he violates only one prohibitory commandment and one

obligatory commandment. He only violates all of the

commandments when he doesn’t plan on paying the

worker at all.

A worker that finishes his work during the day must be

paid before sunset. A worker that finishes his job at night

must be paid before dawn. The violations do not carry

over or go into effect after the first ona. Meaning, that if

the employer for any reason did not pay the wages on

2

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

time when they were due, there will be no bal tolin at any

future time. (There is, however, a discussion as to whether

an arrangement made prior to the onset of the work

postpones the Biblical requirement of a timely payment.)

Dawn, for the purposes of these laws, refers to the time

when light can be first seen on the horizon. Regardless, it

is much earlier than sunrise. In halacha it is referred to as

alos hashachar. Night, for the purposes of these laws,

refers to the halachic definition of night. This time is a

subject of great discussion as well. From the time of

sunset until when three stars can be seen it is questionable

if according to halacha night has begun (and therefore one

must be stringent and for halachic purposes treat that

whole time period as if the day is ending every second).

These laws are beyond the scope of this work.

One who decides not to pay a worker transgresses five

Biblical prohibitions and one commandment as well as

disqualifying himself from being able to bear witness for

anything that requires a qualified Biblical witness.

3

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

THE LAWS OF BAL TOLIN

CHAPTER ONE: TIME OF PAYMENT

1.

A worker that finished his work before sunset must be paid before

sunset. If the employer did not pay him before sunset then he must pay him

before nightfall. If he does not then he will be in violation of at least one

prohibitory commandment and one obligatory commandment.

2.

A worker that finished his work during twilight must be paid before

nightfall. If he didn’t pay him before nightfall he must pay him before

dawn. If the employer did not pay him before dawn, he will be in violation

of at least one prohibitory commandment and one obligatory

commandment.

3.

A worker that finished his work before dawn must be paid before dawn.

4.

If the worker was hired for a week, a month, or a year the employer

must pay him the last day or night of that week, month, or year of work.

5.

If a monthly salaried worker is paid according to the Jewish calendar

month, the first day of Rosh Chodesh is considered the last day of the

month when there are two days of Rosh Chodesh.

6.

Bal tolin applies to partial payments as well. An employer who pays his

worker most of his salary, but withholds a small amount, has violated bal

tolin.

4

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

7.

If a worker finished at the end of the day or night without enough time

for the employer to pay him before the end of day or the night, the

employer has not violated bal tolin.

8.

When the employer is in one time zone and the worker is in another

time zone, the Authorities are in dispute as to whether we follow the time of

the worker or the time of the employer.

9. A worker that was hired to do permitted work on Shabbos in the manner

that does not violate the prohibition of taking wages on Shabbos (see

Shulchan Aruch OC 306:5), the employer does not violate the prohibitions

of bal tolin.

10.

If one hired a worker and thought he would be working into the night,

but the worker acted quickly and completed the work before night, one

should pay him before the night, even though he thought that the work will

continue until night.

11.

Although, if the original dawn or night passed without him paying his

worker, he no longer violates any further Biblical violations, but he does

violate a rabbinic prohibition (refer to chapter 5). Similarly, when the

worker didn’t demand pay before the end of the day (see chapter 4) or the

like that he does not have to pay him that day or night, even if he later

demanded pay he no longer violates any further Biblical violations, but he

does violate a rabbinic prohibition.

12.

If the employer stipulates with his employee that he will pay him after

the timeframe which would normally be required by the Torah, the

employer is not bound by any Biblical time constraints. Therefore, the

Ahavas Chesed recommends that when one hires a worker, that he should

stipulate with him that he can pay him at a later date so that in case he

5

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

doesn’t pay him on time he will not transgress anything. However, if he

does pay on time he does fulfill the mitzvah according to some opinions.

13.

There are instances where it is customary that the due date for payment

is in the beginning of the following month. Since that is the case, even

though that date was not stipulated as the payment date, it is considered as

if they arranged for the payment to be due on that date, and therefore, bal

tolin will definitely not apply until that later date.

14.

If a worker requested to be paid in the beginning of his work, in order

for the employer to fulfill the mitzvah properly, he should leave a small

amount of pay until the end of the job in order to fulfill the mitzvah

properly. He may also give him the money in the beginning and stipulate

that the employee should only own the money when he finishes his work

and until then it should merely be a collateral in his hands.

15.

A craftsman that repaired someone else’s item, the item’s owner is only

required according to the Torah, to pay when he receives the item, even if

payment is requested before he receives it. The item’s owner may also

refuse to accept the item, even if the craftsman insists on giving it to him.

16.

Just as one is required to pay workers on time, so too, if one rents an

object he is required to pay the rental fee on time.

17.

Someone that rented an object for a set amount of time and did not pay

the rental fee on time, transgresses the Torah prohibition even though the

object remains by him. However, if he rents the object for as long as he

6

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

needs it, then he is only obligated to pay the rental fee upon return of the

object.

18.

There is a disagreement amongst the contemporary authorities as to

whether one fulfills the obligatory mitzvah of paying a worker on time if he

prepays for the job before it is actually due being that the commandment of

b’yomo titein schoro is to pay a worker his wages by the end of the day that

he completed his work. Or do we say that the Torah’s main concern is that

the worker be paid before the end of the ona and this concern may be

satisfied by prepaying the worker as well.

19.

The sefer Business Halacha points out that often, when a contractor

finishes a job, the homeowner does not want to pay the entire bill

immediately. The homeowner is concerned that if he pays the contractor

completely, it may be difficult to get the contractor to stand behind his

work. Withholding a portion of the bill gives the homeowner leverage and

makes it easier for him to deal with the contractor if any issues arise.

This is a clear violation of bal tolin. The worker has completed the

entire job and is entitled to his entire pay. A homeowner is not permitted to

gain leverage at the worker’s expense.

20.

If the homeowner intends to withhold money at the end of the job, he

may stipulate this in advance, when he hires the worker. If the worker

accepts these terms, bal tolin will not apply.

7

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

CHAPTER TWO: WHICH WORKERS AND RENTALS

REQUIRE TIMELY PAYMENTS

1.

Whether a worker is a child or an adult, one is required to pay him

on time for his work. Therefore, if someone tells a child to do

something for him, and promises to pay him, even if the salary is

worth less than a penny, he is nonetheless obligated to pay him on time

and if not, transgresses the Torah prohibition. However, a father or

mother that promises to give a prize to their own child for doing a

specific chore, does not violate the prohibitions of bal tolin for not

giving the prize on time, since the prize is not considered wages but

rather an incentive for the child to do what he is otherwise obligated to

do.

2.

There is a dispute as to whether there is a Biblical requirement to

pay a Gentile on time. However, if it will cause a " chilul Hashem"

(desecration of Hashem) by postponing his wages, then it is forbidden

as with any situation where there would be a " chilul Hashem" caused

by one’s actions. There is a discussion, as well, if bal tolin applies to a

non-Orthodox Jew. One should be stringent and pay him on time.

3.

If an employee dies, one is not required to pay the inheritor on

time.

4.

Someone who visits a doctor in a hospital or a clinic does not pay

for the visit on time, if the doctor is paid a salary regardless of how

many patients he sees or how many times he sees them, the patient

does not transgress the prohibition as far as this doctor is concerned.

8

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

However, he is in violation of bal tolin as far as the hospital is

concerned (and if the hospital is not privately owned it’s questionable

as to whether he transgresses it). When the doctor is paid directly by

the client, even though he gives a portion of it to the hospital, the client

violates bal tolin if he does not pay the doctor on time.

5.

The pay for a Rabbi, teacher, or Rosh Kollel are subject to these

laws. It is questionable as to whether these laws apply to the stipends

of kollel yungeleit or other students.

6.

These laws apply to brokers and shadchanim, but only in situations

where he requested them to broker the deal or the shiduch. However, if

the broker or shadchan came on their own accord, even though he’s

obligated to pay them, he is not subject to these laws. Nonetheless, if

he requested of the broker or shadchan to do any action, although they

originally came on their own, and especially if they incurred expenses

from it, the pay for those portions are subject to these laws of bal tolin.

7.

Someone who rents an animal or other item (such as a car or

similar) is required to pay for the rental by the end of the rental period

on time. If he rents a house, apartment, or even an empty lot, he

should be stringent and pay by the end of the rental period, especially

if he is renting a house or apartment (since there is a discussion as to

whether something which was unattached to the ground to begin with

and then became attached to the ground is considered part of the

ground). If, however, there is a binding agreement to pay in the

beginning of the period, then he is obligated to do so. A prevailing

custom of the such would suffice as well.

9

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

CHAPTER THREE: THE LAWS OF AN EMPLOYER THAT

DOES NOT HAVE MONEY TO PAY

1.

An employer that does not have money to pay, but is able to borrow

money, should borrow money in order to perform this obligatory

commandment (because a person is required to try to include himself in the

fulfillment of a mitzvah, and at the time of Hashem’s anger there can be

punishment for those that don’t try to include themselves). He is even

obligated to borrow money according to some opinions, when he is easily

able to. As such, if he does not borrow, he will be in violation of the these

laws.

2.

If he is owed money by someone else, and the due date has already

arrived, he’s obligated to collect those funds in order to pay his worker on

time.

3. According to halachah, workers must be paid in cash. One may not pay a

worker with merchandise according to most authorities.

4.

If he has foods which are available for sale he is obligated to sell them

in order to pay his worker. According to some opinions, if he has any

movable objects that are available for sale, he is obligated to sell them,

unless he stands to lose a substantial amount of money doing so.

5.

If he only has a large bill, he is obligated to exchange it for smaller bills

in order to pay his worker on time even if he will incur a small loss from

this.

6.

If he has a large bill that is larger than the amount he owes and he is

unable to change it for smaller bills, then he should pay the worker with the

10

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

large bill and the worker will owe him the change (in cases where the

worker can be trusted that he will return the change) in order to perform his

Biblical obligation. However, if he does not do this, then he will not be in

violation of bal tolin since he doesn’t have an obligation to pay a worker

more than the wages owed.

7.

If he hired many workers and he only has a large bill and he insists that

the workers split it among themselves, the workers are not required to

comply to that request.

8.

If he does not have all of the money to pay the worker, he is

nevertheless obligated to give as much money as he has, although he is only

paying the worker partially of what is owed to him.

9.

If one hired two workers and only has enough money to pay one of

them, he should divide that money between the two of them. This is true

even if only one of them demanded the wages (because it is assumed that

the second worker will not be willing to wait for his salary and is bound to

demand his pay), unless he knows that the second worker will not mind.

The above is true even if one of the workers is his relative. However, if one

of them is poor and the other one not poor, the payment to the poor worker

takes precedence. If one of them worked for him today and the other one

worked for him yesterday the one that worked today takes precedence. The

rational for this is that if the second worker is not paid on time, the

employer violates bal tolin, while the bal tolin deadline for the wages owed

to the first worker has already passed and once the deadline has passed bal

tolin does not apply to future delays. He must pay today’s worker first even

if the worker of yesterday is poor and the worker of today is rich.

10.

If at the time the worker demanded his salary, the employer had

the money, but used it for his own purposes, and the required time to pay

11

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

has passed, he violates the positive commandment and possibly the

prohibitions as well.

11.

One should not hire a worker if he knows that he will not have money

to pay him at the conclusion of the work, unless he notifies the worker of

this at the beginning and the worker agrees to get paid at a later date. For

this reason, if the employer plans on being away from home when the

worker will finish and not to return until the onah passes (i.e. the end of the

day or end of the night), he is obligated to prepare the money for the worker

before he leaves in order that the worker be paid on time. Therefore, if one

hires a babysitter and will return home after the babysitter will have left, he

must prepare the money for her in advance.

12.

If the employer does not have money and the worker agreed to get paid

on another day, and later on the employer obtains funds, the employer may

possibly not be in violation of bal tolin even though the worker already

demanded his pay, since he had already agreed to be paid on another day.

13.

If the employer cannot afford to pay the wages of his worker and spend

money on enjoyments for Shabbos, even according to the authorities that

enjoyments of Shabbos are a Biblical law, nevertheless the wages of the

worker take precedence, because bal tolin which is a prohibitory

commandment and an obligatory commandment override the obligation of

having enjoyments for Shabbos which is only an obligatory commandment.

The same would be true for someone that does not have enough money to

pay his worker on time and to purchase a set of arba minim or tefilin.

12

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

CHAPTER FOUR: THE WAYS IN WHICH ONE VIOLATES BAL

TOLIN

1.

If a worker did not request his wages and it is clear through indications

that he wishes to be paid at a later date, not to mention if he said so

explicitly, then employer does not violate bal tolin. However, if the

employer does pay him on time, some say that he does fulfill his obligation.

However, if a worker asks to be paid or does not actually request his wages

outright and it is unclear if that is due to bashfulness of asking to be paid,

or just not having the chance to request it (for example, in a case where the

employer was not home when the worker finished) the employer violates

bal tolin if he does not pay him on time

2.

Accordingly, according to some opinions, it is questionable as to

whether one violates bal tolin by a minor, even if the minor accepts to be

paid at a later time. However, according to others, in such a case there is no

violation since he agreed to be paid later.

3. It is questionable if bonuses that are given to a worker (e.g. for a holiday

gift) are subject to the laws of bal tolin.

4. Bonuses that are given to the worker after they finish working (e.g. tips) are

not subject to the prohibitions of bal tolin because such funds are given as a

complimentary token of appreciation and are not required wages for the

actual work. The same is true for severance pay or the like.

5. When the employer gives a craftsman a utensil or article to fix, the wages

are subject to the laws of bal tolin.

13

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

6. If he asked a craftsman to produce a new object (e.g. he asked a carpenter

to build him a closet or he asked a tailor to sew for him a suit or dress) if

the raw materials belong to the employer, the wages are subject to the laws

of bal tolin. However, if the raw materials belong to the worker, it is

considered a sale and he is therefore not obligated to pay him on time.

7. Based on the above, if he hired somebody to transfer information from one

disk to another disk, bal tolin would depend upon who owns that new disk.

However, according to some opinions since the disk has very little value in

relative to the cost of labor we assume that the payment is mostly for the

labor and is therefore considered as wages of a worker and not that of a

sale.

8. An employer that requested of his worker to fix a machine for him and it

was unnecessary to replace anything expensive in the machine, if there is

one charge for the entire job without any itemization then the laws of bal

tolin apply to the entire charge. However, if there was an itemized bill with

one charge for the labor and one charge for the parts, then we divide up the

cost of the part and the cost of the labor in regards to bal tolin. For the cost

of the parts there are no violations of bal tolin applicable, but for the cost of

the labor bal tolin applies.

9.

If one hires a worker through an agent, the worker understands that the

employer is the one obligated to pay and neither the employer nor his proxy

violate bal tolin. The employer does not violate bal tolin since he hired the

worker through an agent, and the agent does not violate since he is not

responsible for the worker’s wages. However, if the worker is under the

impression that the agent is the one obligated to pay, then the agent is

bound by bal tolin.

10.

If one instructs his wife to hire a worker for him and the worker

thinks that his wife is the one paying, then she violates bal tolin if the

14

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

worker is not paid on time. However, if the worker realizes that the husband

is the one that is going to pay, then it is questionable if bal tolin applies to

the husband.

11.

If the employer gave the funds to an agent to pay the worker on time, it

is questionable whether he can assume that the agent did his job without

confirmation (typically, by Biblical laws we will not assume that the agent

did his job without confirmation).

12.

The Shaalos U’teshuvos, Teshuras Shai explains that in a case

where a worker whose wages have a set price, even if he is hired through an

agent, the employer, nevertheless, is subject to the laws of bal tolin. This is

because the exemption of hiring the worker through an agent is only when

the agent is setting the price with the worker.

13.

R’ Naftali Nussbaum Shlita says that when one orders a cab from

a car service in Israel, the car service company is not considered his agent

in finding him the worker (the driver). Rather, since the arrangement

between the driver and the passenger is only finalized when the cab arrives

and they negotiate the fair, it is considered as though the employer (the

passenger) has hired the cab driver directly. Therefore, the passenger must

pay the driver in accordance with the laws of bal tolin. However, this ruling

does not apply to all car services. The ruling may vary based on the usual

manner of doing business in that area. In the United States for example,

most cars service companies negotiate and settle on the price at the time of

ordering the service. Therefore, halacha would classify him as being hired

through a messenger and would not be subject to the Biblical mitzvah of

bal tolin.

14.

In contrast, R’ Nussbaum ruled, that if a mover delivers items

from the store to a customer’s residence, the customer is not considered to

have hired the mover personally. This applies even when they agreed that

15

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

the customer will pay the mover directly, and/or that payment is due upon

delivery. In this case the mover is employed by the store owner and merely

acts as the store owner’s agent. The fact that the payment is made directly

from the customer to the mover in this case is irrelevant. The mover is

considered to be working for the store owner and not the customer since the

purchased item belongs to the vendor until the item is successfully

delivered to the customer. Therefore, in actuality the mover is delivering

the store owner’s item to the customer so that the customer may take

possession of it. A proof to this that he presents, is that if the mover breaks

the item in transit the ultimate responsibility to provide a new one falls

upon the store owner. Although, in many cases the mover would be

responsible to pay the store owner for his negligence, nevertheless, should

the mover not pay for his negligence, the merchant would still be obligated

to deliver a functioning item to the customer. It would likewise stand to

reason that if this is not the case, rather the responsibility does indeed lie

upon the customer, then bal tolin should apply.

15.

Some point out that the laws of bal tolin apply even to work that

is worth less than a peruta. Since there is a general rule that less than the

Biblically required amount is also forbidden. However, one must ascertain

as to whether the payment to the delivery man is included in the price. This

would be the case if there is no extra charge for the delivery.

16.

There is a dispute amongst the Later Authorities regarding a case

where one pays his friend to refrain from doing work, if those wages are

subject to the laws of bal tolin. For example, if he said to someone, “close

your store for the day and I will pay you X dollars”, there is a dispute

whether such an offer is called an employment.

17.

It is insufficient for the employer to give the wages to a third person to

acquire the wages on behalf of the worker without the worker knowing.

However, where there is no other solution to pay the worker on time one

16

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

should preferably use this solution to possibly avoid violating the

prohibitions.

18.

It is sufficient to notify the worker that the funds are available for him

to collect, and unnecessary hand deliver the money to the worker. This is

true even if the worker already came to request his wages and the employer

did not have money at that time. However, if the worker has an ones

(emergency) that inhibits him from being able to pick up the funds and he

can’t even send an agent to get them. In such a case, the employer is

obligated to bring the funds to the worker.

19.

If the employer gave the worker a collateral for the wages that he owes,

the employer does not violate the prohibitions even though he has money to

pay.

20.

There is a dispute amongst the authorities as to whether an employer

can pay with a check against the will of the worker. However, it seems that

the consensus of the contemporary authorities is that if the bank, check

cashing store, or a store (usable to the worker) is open, then he will indeed

fulfill his obligation with a check. By merely agreeing after the completion

of the work to accept a payment via a check, the worker has not waived his

right to cash payments. There is also a possibility that it is sufficient to pay

with a check even when the banks are closed. In places where postdated

checks aren’t usable at all one definitely does not fulfill his obligation by

paying with a postdated check. This would be true even if he gave the

check to the worker and the worker was quiet, possibly because the worker

was simply embarrassed to ask for a different check or felt that he had no

other choice. Therefore, the employer should ask the worker in such

situations if he agrees willingly to accept such pay. If a worker agrees to

accept a check as payment, there is certainly no violation of bal tolin.

However, even with the agreement of the worker, the employer is lacking

the performance of the obligatory commandment of byomo titen scharo.

17

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

However, these laws will vary in places where it is the custom to pay with a

postdated check.

21.

However, in most professions nowadays, the accepted custom is to pay

with checks. Therefore, a worker who accepts a job without stipulating that

he wants to be paid specifically in cash is implicitly agreeing to the norm,

and must accept a check. However, in a profession that does not have a

clear custom of accepting checks, the worker may insist on being paid with

cash. Taxi drivers and babysitters are examples of workers who are

generally paid with cash, and therefore are not treated as the

aforementioned professions regarding the acceptance of checks.

22.

However, one may definitely not assign to a worker a debt that a third

party owes the employer as his wages.

23.

An employer that has money in his bank account but will suffer a

withdrawal penalty for withdrawing the funds at this time, will not violate

the prohibitions if he has no other money to use to pay the worker and the

penalty is considered a great loss to him. However, if the penalty will only

be a small loss for him then he is obligated to withdraw those funds to pay

the worker on time. Failure to do so will be a violation of the prohibitions.

Similarly, if he will only lose on potential interest from withdrawing the

funds, even if this would be a great loss, we don’t consider that as a loss but

merely the lack of a gain and he is therefore obligated to incur the loss.

24.

If there was an agreement that the worker receive his pay by collecting

from a third-party (e.g. a store or the like) the employer does not violate the

prohibitions even if the third party did not pay the worker on time.

However, this is only an exemption from the prohibitions of bal tolin, but

the worker may back out of the agreement and demand his pay from the

employer directly since he is not being paid on time.

18

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

CHAPTER FIVE: THE RABBINICAL PROHIBITION OF

WITHHOLDING PAY

1.

An employer that hired a worker through an agent in a way that he

will not violate the prohibitions, or a worker that did not demand his

pay during the period of when he finished his work, or for any debt

that the debtor is simply postponing from paying he violates the

rabbinical prohibition of " bal tish'he". According to many opinions he

violates this prohibition for every moment that he postpones pay, while

according to some opinions he only violates this prohibition once a

day.

2.

The employer or debtor does not violate this rabbinical prohibition

if he is very busy and does not have time to pay.

3.

If an employer or debtor does not have the funds to pay, he does

not violate this rabbinical prohibition.

4.

When he owes money to a non-Jew he also does not violate this

rabbinical prohibition.

19

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

THE FOLLOWING IS QUOTED FROM THE SEFER BUSINESS

HALACHA

Corporations have an unusual halachic status concerning bal tolin. Who

is responsible to ensure that the employees are paid on time? Is the CEO

or management of a company subject to bal tolin, or is it the

responsibility of the owners of shareholders of the company?

Shareholders of a corporation are not subject to bal tolin since they do

not hire the employees directly. The management of the company does

the actual hiring. Although the management is working on behalf of the

shareholders, because the employees were hired through an agent, bal

tolin will not apply.

There is a debate among the poskim whether the manager of a company

has the obligation of bal tolin. Although the manager hires the workers

directly, he is not personally paying their salaries. The money comes

from the company’s account that is owned by the shareholders. Mishnas

R’ Aharon suggests that bal tolin applies only when an employer

withholds wages for himself. In contrast, when a manager of a firm

delays paying a worker, he is not keeping the salary for himself. The

money belongs to the business that is completely owned by the

shareholders. In addition, because the manager is only a hired hand and

20

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

is not personally responsible for the worker’s salary, he does not violate

the laws of bal tolin.

The Chofetz Chaim seems to disagree. He writes that if a manager hires

workers, and it is understood that he is the one responsible to ensure that

their salaries are paid in a timely fashion, bal tolin would apply.

However, it applies only when there are company funds available to pay

the salaries.

A manager does not have any obligation to use personal money to cover

the payroll.

There is a positive mitzvah to pay a worker on time. All of the above-

mentioned exceptions to bal tolin are instances in which one does not

violate the prohibitions against late payment. However, the employer

will lose a valuable opportunity to fulfill a mitzvah. One should strive to

avoid these waivers and make an effort to fulfill this important mitzvah.

The Chofetz Chaim concludes his writings about bal tolin with the

following advice: Before allowing a worker to start a job, one should

clarify all of the terms of the employment. This has many advantages.

First, a worker has an incentive to be accommodating to his prospective

employer in order to get the job. Once he has already been hired, he has

little incentive to make further concessions. Therefore, it is in the

employer’s interest to negotiate the exact price and terms of the job

before the employee actually begins working.

21

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

General ideas to keep in mind when reading this list:

For all wages that are for work, job, rent of utensils, and

according to some opinions rentals of land the laws of bal

tolin apply.

When according to strict law he does not have an obligation

to pay then the prohibitions of bal tolin certainly don’t apply.

All wages that are for things like buying, taxes, return of

loans are not subject to the laws of bal tolin.

Depending upon the case, according to some opinions, if the

employer did not speak directly with the worker, rather hired

him through an agent, he is not subject to the laws of bal

tolin.

Please keep in mind that this is an incomplete list of all

occupations available in the world. It is also just an aid to

help the reader associate the halachos of bal tolin to normal

situations. However, any custom or deal will very likely

change the halacha.

Accountant

subject to bal tolin

Advisor

subject to bal tolin

airline tickets

not subject to bal tolin

Ambulance

subject to bal tolin

architect

subject to bal tolin

Assistant

subject to bal tolin

bus tickets

not subject to bal tolin

Babysitter

subject to bal tolin

Butcher (purchase) not subject to bal tolin

Barber

subject to bal tolin

Subject to bal tolin for his services. As far as his

subs, it depends whether he is merely your agent to

hire them, if he was hired to actually do the job and

Contractor

if there are set paying intervals. Please read above

and subject discussing this earlier.

Comedian

subject to bal tolin

Car insurance

premium

not subject to bal tolin

Cleaners

subject to bal tolin

Court fees

subject to bal tolin

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

Condo fees

not subject to bal tolin

Cleaning crew

subject to bal tolin

Camp

subject to bal tolin according to some opinions

Car service

Doctor

subject to bal tolin

Dietitian

subject to bal tolin

Exterminator

subject to bal tolin

Engineer

subject to bal tolin

Electrician

subject to bal tolin

Editor

subject to bal tolin

purchases are not subject to bal talin but independant

Florist

services are, unless it is included in the price.

Gemach fee

not subject to bal tolin

Grocery

not subject to bal tolin

Hospital

subject to bal tolin

Health insurance

premium

not subject to bal tolin

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

Hotel

subject to bal tolin

Inspector

subject to bal tolin

Journalist

subject to bal tolin

Janitor

subject to bal tolin

Jeweler

subject to bal tolin for services rendered

Job hunter

subject to bal tolin

Kindergarden

teacher

subject to bal tolin

Lawyer

subject to bal tolin

Locksmith

subject to bal tolin

not subject to bal tolin

Lottery

is not subject to bal tolin

Loan and heter

iska

payments

not subject to bal tolin

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

Massager

subject to bal tolin

Mikva

subject to bal tolin according to many opinions

Marriage officiater

or counselor

subject to bal tolin

Musician

subject to bal tolin

one should be stringent and follow the guidlines of

Museum

bal tolin

Mohel

subject to bal tolin

Minor

subject to bal tolin

Money changer

subject to bal tolin

Mashgiach

(bochurim)

subject to bal tolin

Mashgiach (kashrus) subject to bal tolin

Mover

subject to bal tolin

Mortgage broker

subject to bal tolin

Medical assistant

subject to bal tolin

Nurse

subject to bal tolin

Non-Jew

subject to bal tolin acc. To some opinions

Nursing home

subject to bal tolin

Orthodontist

subject to bal tolin for services rendered

Orchestra

subject to bal tolin

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

Optomotrist

subject to bal tolin for services rendered

Opthomologist

subject to bal tolin for services rendered

Principal

subject to bal tolin

Presents

not subject to bal tolin

Porter

subject to bal tolin

Pension

not subject to bal tolin

Psychologist

subject to bal tolin

painter

subject to bal tolin

Photographer

subject to bal tolin if charged for services rendered

Pool

subject to bal tolin according to some opinions

Playgroup

subject to bal tolin according to some opinions

not subject to bal tolin, unless there is a separate

fee for eating in the restaurant which according to

Restaurant

many opinions is subject to bal tolin. Required tip

would also be subject to bal tolin.

Real estate agent

subject to bal tolin

one should be stringent and follow the laws of

Rent of house

bal tolin

Secretary

subject to bal tolin

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

subject to bal tolin if he is obligated to pay for the

Selling chametz

rabbis service

Social worker

subject to bal tolin

Shatnez laboratory subject to bal tolin

Speaker

subject to bal tolin

Stipends for kollel

yungerleit

According to some opinions are subject to bal tolin

Singer

subject to bal tolin

Studio

subject to bal tolin

if the parties requested the shadchan to do this

service, the wages are subject to bal tolin, but if the

Shadchan

shadchan came on his or her own accord, although

one is obligated to pay the wages nevertheless

bal tolin does not apply

For fixing the materials belonging to the client the

Shaitel macher

laws of bal tolin apply. However, in a new shaitel

being bought or for new materials added to an old

shaitel, one should ask their Rabbi.

Taxes

not subject to bal tolin

Toen Rabbani

subject to bal tolin

(Private defendant

in Bais Din)

Tailor

If the Tailor was working on materials belonging to

another the payments are subject to bal tolin, but

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

we’re the Tailor is using his own materials

Technician

subject to bal tolin

not subject to bal tolin

Tip

subject to bal tolin

Teacher

not subject to bal tolin

Telemarketing

Translator

subject to bal tolin

according to some opinions it is subject to bal tolin

Tuition for School

subject to bal tolin (see restaurant for restaurant

Waiter

waiter)

When it is outside it is not subject to bal tolin

Zoo

according to some opinions,

but where it is in a building one should be stringent

with the laws of bal tolin

For more information please visit the Business Kollel Network at HTTP://businesskollel.com or call (347)766-7716

ד"סב

the BUSINESS KOLLEL network

Overview of Two Year Curriculum

Year 1

Elul Zman 5773 (Elul- Tishrei)

(August 7 - September 12 2013)

 Management Part 1 – The Laws of Timely Payments ( Bal Tolin)

ן

ילת לב תוכלה

Winter Zman 5774 (Cheshvan – Nissan)

(October 6 - / / 2014)

 Marketing Part 1 – Contracts and Commitments רכממו חקמ תוכלה

 Marketing Part 2 – Sales and Pricing ( Ona’ah) האנוא תוכלה

Summer Zman 5774 (Cheshvan –Av)

( / / - / / 2015)

 Marketing Part 3 – Disclosures ( Mekach To’us) תועט חקמ תוכלה

 Marketing Part 4 – Competition ךפהמה ינעו וריבח לש ותונמואל דרוי

Year 2

Elul Zman 5774 (Elul- Tishrei)

( / / - / / 2015)

 Charity Distribution - םיפסכ רשעמו הקדצ תוכלה

Winter Zman 5775 (Cheshvan – Nissan)

( / / - / / 2015)

 Management Part 2 – Employers and Employees ( Schirus Poalim)

םילעופ תוריכשתוכלה

 General Business 1 – Damages & Borrowed Property ( Nezikin,

Shomrim) םירמוש ןיקיזנ תוכלה

Summer Zman 5775 (Cheshvan –Av)

( / / - / / 2016)

 General Business Part 2 – Important Ribbis Concerns

the BUSINESS KOLLEL network

2 year Business Halacha Curriculum (Year 1 Part 1)

(Elul 5773-4 / August 7 - September 12 2013)

ד -ג"

ע שתה לולא ןמז ל דומילה רדס

 Management Part 1 - The Laws of Timely

Payments ( Bal Tolin)

SO

URCE MATERIAL : *

Part 1 – Shulchon Oruch Choshen Mishpat Vol. 3 Ch. 339

(ט"לש ןמיס ג"ח מ"וח ע"וש

) ןילת לב תוכלה

Part 2 – Sefer Ahavas Chesed Ch. 9, 10 י-ט"פ דסח תבהא רפס

(Author: The Chofetz Chaim Z”L)

EXTRA READING:

 Sefer Pischei Choshen Vol 4 Ch. 9 [Hebrew] ןשוח יחתפ

(Author: Rav Yaakov Blau Z”L, Badat”z Eidah Charedis, Jerusalem)

 Business Halacha Ch. 10 [English]

(Artscroll 2008, Author: Rabbi Ari Marburger Shlit”a)

__________________

•

The BUSINESS KOLLEL network anticipates the inevitable questions which will raised by businessmen seeking to apply these halachos to their respective businesses, and therefore thanks the following organizations for providing support lines for any and all questions:

•

Bais Havaad L'inyonei Mishpot

•

Business Halacha Institute

1.888.485.8223

1.877.845.8455

"

ד סב

the BUSINESS KOLLEL network

2 year Business Halacha Curriculum (Year 1 Part 1)

ןילת לב ינינעב תומוקמ הארמ

- ג ע

" שתה לולא ןמז

ט ל

" ש ןמיס ג ח

" טפשמ ןשוח

“The mitzvos of ןילת לב and ורכש ןתת ומויב are

from the most common mitzvos of Choshen

Mishpat. Each time one takes a haircut or visits a

doctor, he is subject to Bal talin. Yet, this mitzva

is also one of the least known. Many people are

not even aware that they are doing a mitzvah,

and are not familiar with the guidelines and time

frame in which a worker must be paid.”

(Business Halachah, Artscroll 2008)

Note: The Mareh Mkomos provided below are meant to be informative, though by no means

exhaustive. For further reading we recommend seeing Sefer Pischei Choshen Vol 4 Ch. 9 [Hebrew] from

Rav Yaakov Blau Z”L, Badat”z Eidah Charedis, Jerusalem, whose work is indispensable to every Rav

involved in Choshen Mishpat decisions.

We also highly recommend the book “Business Halacha” Ch. 10 [English] (Artscroll 2008) by Rabbi

Ari Marburger Shlit”a, a masterpiece which greatly inspired the formation of the BUSINESS KOLLEL

Network and one which should be part of every Business Halacha Library.

The BUSINESS KOLLEL network anticipates the inevitable questions which will raised by businessmen seeking to apply these halachos to their respective businesses, and therefore thanks our

partner organizations for providing support lines for any and all questions:

Bais Havaad L'inyonei Mishpot 1.888.485.8223

Business Halacha Institute 1.877.845.8455

ונמזב לעופל םלשל בויחה ןינעב המדקה

ורכש ןתת ומוי

ב - הש

ע (וט , )

דכ םירבד

ןילת

לב - ו

אל (גי ט )

י ארקיו

ריכש רכש ימולשת ינידל החיתפ דסח תבהא רפס

'וכ דחא י'נתמ א"ע איק ףד אעיצמ אבב

'לר הוצמ ךוניח תחנמ ןייע ,הטורפ הושמ תוחפב ןילת לב שי םא

רו

( קמב ןייעלו ף

, יעסו ףיעס לכ רוקמל הלוגה ראבב ןייעל שי) א

' ףיעס

( א

' "

ק ס

) הבושת יחתפה ירבדו ,( א

' "

ק ס) ןאכ ח הצ

"

קה ירבד דומלל ש

י : ם

יתב תוריכשב ןילת לב ןינעב

ך

ורע רפסבו , ןאכ א"רגה ירבדב ןייעל לוכי ם

ג . רימחהל שי

ש (

ה , ט) דסח תבהא רפסב "

כ שמ ןייעו

ןחלושה

P

- AGE 1-

י נפל ונימיב תיב

לש RENT תוריכש םלשל בויח שי םא

ה הז

: ב יולתה השעמל הלאש

ו

? ז הלאשמ תאצל ךרד שי םאה הע

?

יקשה

ף

א) שדוחה תלחתב וניי

הד , ונמזב םלשל רימחהל שי ח"האהו ח"הצקה ירבד יפ

ל הב

:

ושת

ש

דוחה תלחתב םלשל ונימי גהנמ מ"מ ףוסבל אלא תמלתשמ תוריכש ןיא הרותה ןמש

S

ECURITY הדקפה תחטבא ריכשמל שי םאש םירמוא שי והימו .העיקשה ינפל (שדוחה

. ו

' ףיעס ןלהלד ןלבק ןידב יולתו ,ןילת לב םושמ הזב ןי

א DEPOSIT

FOR YOUR INFORMATION:

The Chofetz Chaim (Introduction to Sefer Mitzvos Hakatzar) writes

that when paying a worker, a person should have in mind that he is

fulfilling a mitzva d'oraisa, a Biblical command.

The Rambam is of the opinion that when paying a non-jew one

fulfills the positive commandment of ורכש ןתת ומויב.

The Chofetz Chaim writes that employment of minors is subject

to the laws of bal talin. Therefore one would be required to pay a

young girl who babysat his children at night, before sunrise, unless

she agreed to be paid the next day.

'ה - 'ב ףיעס

דע

"םויה לכ הבוג םוי רי

"

כש הנשמה עצמאב ב"ע 'יק ףד אעיצמ אבב ארמגב םדוקמ ןייועי א

: יגוסה

(אי קרפ תוריכש ם ב

" מרב ןייועי םג) ו

' כ רכש דחא הנשמ א"ע איק

ח"פרת ךוניח תחנמו ,בי ףיעס 'י קרפ דסח תבהא :

ם

ילעופ רוכשי אל הלחתכל ףסכ ול ןיאש ימ

' בה תכרעמ ש"האפ םיללכ דמח הדשבו ,'לר הוצמ ךוניח תחנמ ןייע : ת

בש ברעב דובעל רמגש ימ

.וריכש תלועפ םליש אל םא תבש תשודק לבקמ וניאש וירבד ךותב םש בתכו ,ךרואב

י תמ דע "

כ האצ ינפל לב

א ,העיקשה רחא דובעל ורמגש םילעופה :הזב יולתה השעמל הלאש

?םלשל ול שי

.םיבכוכה תאצ ינפל דימ םלשל רהזיש קספ דסח תבהא רפסב הב

:

ושת

SOME PEOPLE DONT REALIZE...

That if someone stops asking for payment for a service rendered,

one is still obligated to pay them in full. Not doing so would place a

person in violation of all the ןישעו ןיואל enumerated in ב ףיעס.

ו' ףיעס

א"ע ביק ארמג א

: יגוס

ן מוא ד"מל יריימ םא (א קס

"

) "

ך שו (בי ק ס

" ו ,י ק ס

" ) ע מ

" ס ןייע :הכלהה

רדגו , י לכ חבשב הנוק ןמוא

ק

ס

" ) הבושת יחתפב ןייעו .'וכ הנוק ןמוא ןידב ו ט

" ס ח"כ ןמיס רזעה ןבא ע"וש ןייע

ו .ילכ חבשב הנוק

.(א י

" ק"ס) ע מ

" ס ןייעו .'ג ק"סב הבושת יחתפב םג ןייעו ן.וכשמ ןינעב ברה ע"ושה םש

ב ( ב

'

ן מז בצק אל םא תועש יפל םלשמ וליפאו .םויה רמגב אלו הכאלמה רמגב יולת :ןלבקב ןוערפ ןמז

.ז"כ תוא תוהגהב 'ט קרפ ןשוח יחתפב כ"שמפל ןלבקכ יוה הכאלמה רמגל

ו ל ןיאו ישש םויב וידגב ול ואיב

הש CLEANERS שבי יוקינ :הזב יולתה השעמל הלאש

לצ

נהל ידכ השעי ה

מ , תבשל לכוא תונקל הז ףסכל אוה ךירצש םושמ םלשל ףסכ קיפסמ

ן

? ילת לב רוסיאמ

P

- AGE 2-

ך ירא

הש (דבכל "

ה ד הכלה רואיב ב"מר ןמיס ג ח

" הרורב הנשמ) הכלה רואיבב ןיי

ע :הבושת

REFUSE ונממ םילכה לבקי אלש אוהו , הטושפ הצע שיש קיסמו , ןלבק ןידב

ו הימ ( "

ש הורע ןייעו ,םלשלו םלבקל בייחד םירבוסו םיקלוחש םיקסופ שי )

ו DELIVERY

ן יתמיש ונסייפיש וא ,תבש גנעל המב ראשי אל םא ףא ול םלשל ךירצ ונממ לביק רבכ םא

ת

. בשה רחאל דע

A DETAIL YOU MIGHT HAVE MISSED...

This halachah applies only to a craftsman who is repairing a client's

item. However if he is creating a new item from his own materials

(i.e. a custom-made suit) he is not subject to Bal talin (Toras Emes

119 quoted in Business Halachah p.g. 180) Bal talin also does not

apply to purchases, only to wages.

ז' ףיעס

ד

' ק ס

" הבושת יחתפ ןייעו ,היעמשל היל רמא ה"ד א ע

" א"יק תופסות ןייע

ן

? ילת לב רוסיאמ לצנהל טושפ ךרד שי םאה הז

: ב יולתה השעמל הלאש

רמ

ול הצ

ר ,תיבה לעב לע םכרכש םהל רמא חילשה

ו ,חילש ידי לע וילעופ רכוש םא הב

:

ושת

ן יאש חילש ידי לע ורכשכ יוה זא , רחאמ שקבמ אלא םתוא רכושש הז ומצע אוה ןיאש

לכ

בושו ךל רמאת לא לש ןנברד רוסיא שי םוקמ לכמ לבא .רוסיאה ןמ לצינ

ו ,וילע ותלועפ

ו

. החדמש םעפ

A SIMPLE SOLUTION...

Hiring through an agent is not subject to the laws of bal talin,

however “al tomar” may still apply.

Shareholders are not subject to bal talin as they do not hire

employees directly. Managers that oversee company payroll, and

withhold available company funds, might be subject to bal talin (see

Business Halachah pg 185 for further discussion).

ח

' ףיעס

ו החד םא קר "רמאת לא"ד ןנברד רוסיאה לע לבא ,הרותה רוסיא לע רבוע םוקמ לכמ :דורט היה םא

.ד"י ףיעס ברה ע"ושו א ,אק אעיצמ אבב תופסות ןייע .הביס אלב

ם

וי לכב ןילת לב לש הריבע שי םא ,וערפ אלו עובש רבע םא :הזב יולתה השעמל הלאש

א

?' םעפ קר וא םויו

לכ

בושו ךל רמאת לא לש ןנברד רוסיא שי םוקמ לכמ לבא ,תחא םעפ קר רבוע :הבושת

ו

. החדמש םעפ

DID YOU KNOW ?

The laws of bal talin apply only to the day the work is completed

and can only be violated once per job. Furthermore if he was

exempt from payment on that day, he would not be subject to bal

talin for future delays (See siif 9, and Ahavas Chesed, Nesiv

Hachesed 9:35)

ט

' ףיעס

י חתפבו 'ב ק"ס ןאכ ך"ש ןייעו ,יאנתה ליעומו ןילת לבב רבוע וניא : ינו

לפ ןמז דע םלשי אלש הנתה םא

.יאדמ רתוי הז גהנמ לע ךומסל ןוכנ וניא םוקמ לכמד םש כ"שמ ןייעו ,א"מ תוא תוהגהב ןשוח

P

- AGE 3-

ן

? ילת לב רבוע םא ,ותוריכש לע ומע םכיס אלו םדא רכשש י

מ הז

: ב יולתה השעמל הלא

ש

ו ניא םילעופה םע ובשחיש דע םלשל וכרד ןיאש ימד ע"מסו א מ

" רה "

כ שמ ןייע : הבושת

ו

. בשחיש דע םלשל ןמזה עיגה אל וליאכ בישחד ע"מס ןייעו ם

, המע ובשחיש דע רבוע

FOR YOUR INFORMATION...

If a business pays its employees every week, they would transgress

bal tolin weekly, as opposed to a business which pays monthly

salaries.

A business which prepays its workers, while they will not

transgress bal talin, they may also not fulfill he positive

commandment of ורכש ןתת ומויב since he is not getting paid on the

day the wages are due (ee Business Halachah pg 185-6 for further

discussion).

'י ףיעס

.ףיעסה הזב םייולתה םיניד המכ ט ו

- ק"ס הבושת יחתפב ןייע

.ט ,ט קרפ דסח תבהא ,ןילת לבב רבוע ו

: ל ןיא וישכעו ןמזה ךותב תועמ ול היה

ה"ל תוא תוהגה ןשוח יחתפ :ו

רכש שקיב אל וליפא השע פ"כע

רבוע םא

.בל ,טכ ט"פ דסח תבהא .הפב שקבמכ וניד מ"מ :

ו

רכש לבקל ולצא אב לבא , הפ

ב שקיב אל םא

.כ"חא םירבוע םא ,ןושארה שדוחב עבת אלש לעופ ןינעב :

ן אכ ןחלושה ךורעה שודיח

.םש תוהגהו ,גכ ,בכ ,אכ תויתוא 'ט קרפ ךרואב ןשוח יחתפ רפס ןייע :

ו החמה ןיד רואיבב

קי

פסמ אל לבא SUPPLIERS עורפל קר ףסכ ול שיש י

מ : הזב יולתה השעמל ' א הלאש

S

? UPPLIERS ה וא םילעופה ם

, דוק המ ,וילעופל םג םלשל

ו ל היהיש וא ,ללכ ול ןיאשכ קר אוה ול ןיא ןידד םושמ ,םדוק לעופל םלשל בייח :הבושת

ת

ובגל וא ויצפח רוכמל םדאה ךירצ םגו .לעופל םלשל ךירצ ,ףסכ ול שי םא לב

א ,לודג דספה

ת

ודיסח גהנמד ת"פה כ ש

" מ ןייעו .םלשל ידכ ןטק ףסכל ףסכ לש רטש טורפל ןכש לכו ,בוח

ז

"

ל

.

יראה השע ןכו ,םלשל ידכ רחאמ הולי םוקמ לכמ ףסכ ול ןיאש ףאד אוה

DOUBLE TROUBLE...

If one owes payment to two workers, one of whom just completed

his job, and one who was owed for an earlier job, the worker who

just completed his job has priority in halachah (Ahavas Chesed

10:11 see there for an explanation)

ן

? ילת לב םושמ רבוע ינא םאה ,םלשל ףסכ יל ןי

א הז

: ב יולתה השעמל ב

' הלאש

ףס

כ תולל תודיסח תדמ םוקמ לכמ זא ( "

ל כזנה םיללכה יפל) ףסכ םוש ול ןיא ם

א :הבושת

. א

' הלאש ןייעו .גהונ "

ל זיראה היה ןכו ן,מזב עורפל ידכ

ALMOST DOESN'T COUNT...

Bal Talin applies to partial payments as well. An employer who pays

his worker most of his salary, but withholds a small amount, has

violated Bal Talin (Ahavas Chesed 9:10) However a job which was

not 100% completed does not obligate the employer to pay any

portion of the payment, unless there is an agreement to the

contrary, or there is a minhag otherwise.

P

- AGE 4-

Part B of the curriculum, is to now learn Perek

9-10 of the Chofetz Chaim's monumental work

“Ahavas Chesed” in which he elaborates on

many of the halachos we have learned.

Special attention should be given to the last

footnote of Chapter 10, which contains timely

advice for anyone involved in Business.

PLEASE POST THIS PAGE IN YOUR SHUL

Does “Bal Talin”...

…Apply to Me?

Take this short quiz and find out:

Q: Does my Boss have to pay me before paying his creditors?

A: Very possibly...

Q: I do payroll for the Company, do the Halachos of Timely

Payment apply to me?

A: Depends...

Q: Do I have to pay my employees before Sunset on Payday? How

about on short winter days? What if I have no available cash?

A: Depends...

Q: If I refuse delivery, am I exempt from bal talin?

A: There are different opinions...

Q: Did I have to pay that girl who babysat my kids last night, or is

OK that I waited to pay her today when I had time?

A: You probably should have, unless...

Q: Is there a simple solution to avoiding many problems?

A: Yes, if you just...

You can easily become proficient in these and many other

Business related Halachos. . by participating in the BUSINESS

KOLLEL initiative in your community.